A methodology of arrangement of Database objects, structures in Facts and Dimensions is Dimensional Modelling.
Dimensions - Are tables mostly having contextual attributes, describing about the charcteristics and features of the Dimension, Object.
Dimension tables are higly denormalised tables. Have redundant data in columns within the Dimension Table.
Fact - The attributes in this table are facts or numeric value attributes a deivative of the dimensions it contains the measures of the dimension and used to quantify the dimension Object attributes.
The fact table defines the Grain - level of detail stored in the Data Model. Its quite important to finalise the Grain level in the Data Model before the physical design of the Data Model.
A good book to Refer Dimensional Modelling would be:
The Data Warehouse Toolkit:The Complete Guide to Dimensional Modeling
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